Soil Young's modulus (E), commonly reffred to as soil elastic modulus, is an elastic soil parameter and a measure of soil stiffness. In the absence of such test data Table 9.1 may be used as a rough guide. E50 = approximatly 60% of E'youngs in the mohr-coulomb model, so E'=140MPa. Sign in to download full-size image Yes, as you stated in FLAC by using hysteretic damping, strain dependent stiffness degradation would be applied. With increasing shear wave velocity, the conditions approach those for a fixed base. (4) Last, When I use a model scale pile with length 400 mm embedded in sand in the laboratory and again I represent the same problem with a full scale pile length 40 m using Plaxis 3D (FE), will the elastic modulus be the same or it is different? Can anyone provide a reference for estimating increase in Young's Modulus of soil with depth? 2). The viscoelasto-plastic rheological constitutive model with SMP strength criterion is developed according to t... Based on the conception of shape parameters, the yield function of the modified Cam-clay model is modified. (1) Does the elastic modulus change with depth for sand soil? Meaning - stiffness can change. In numerical simulation before any dynamic analysis you should bring your model to the initial static equilibrium. The idea behind it is that most of the time the mohr-coulomb model is used for simplified analyses and using a stiffness value close to E100 leads to a conservative enough estimation when its not known what stressranges to expect. If the cohesionless soil was exposed to drained loading cycles. and since you are using dynamic modulii, I believe you should also use an appropriate Poisson's ratio. © 2008-2021 ResearchGate GmbH. Static Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis 2.1. The above values have been provided with both imperial and metric units. Can any one provide a reference for estimating increase in Young's Modulus of soil with depth? The static vertical subgrade reaction modulus is not an actual engineering property of the soil, such as Poisson’s ratio, as it varies with the width and shape of the foundation (Terzaghi, 1955). Two methods for determining deformation parameters of granular soils are described. Thank you for your helpful answer. Is there any reference for your recommendation? I have UPV and Density, but there are many different equations? As far as I know,  the only way to get pore pressure and stress data is graphs in FLAC, that is hard to exploit of number then bringing them to Excel.Â. The elastic modulus is often used for estimation of soil settement and elastic deformation analysis. The difference between static and dynamic loading is that the second induces very small shear strain less than the elastic strain of 0.001%, while shear strains for static loading of foundations are generally in the range of 0.1–0.01%. You may also calculate the strain-equivalent G-modulus using reduced shear wave velocity. elastic bending theory roymech. The first method is based on results from the seismic cone penetration test. If we have SPT N-values for different soil layers, how can we get the layers' elastic modulus for settlement calculation? Effect of Modulus of sub grade reactions on the static behavior of r aft foundation resting on sand 1 N.V.Manjunath ,2 B.Soundara 3 M.Ranjitham 1 Assistant Pro fessor, Department of Civil Engineering ., Bannari Amman Institute of technology Sathyamangalam , Erode, Tamilnadu, India. Young’s Modulus can be either calculated from the sonic and density logs (dynamic Young’s modulus), or measured directly in the laboratory (static Young’s modulus). The elastic modulus is a physical parameter that has strong connection with soil properties and conditions, such as density, porosity, particle size, depth, moisture content, state of stress, and temperature, etc. Eur is some times proposed to be used instead of "initial stiffness" in designing of off shore wind turbine foundations, as exposure to long term cyclic loading stiffens the soil, effectively changing the "initial state" to a stiffer one. The Young’s modulus (E) of the soil should be determined by appropriate laboratory or field tests. How can I obtain the data from a graph in FLAC software after analysis? It was also observed that the results of shear wave velocity, estimated via S.P.T correlations, have a wide range but are in fair agreement with the results of cross-hole tests. So in this stage strain amplitudes are very small and soil behaves as a linear-elastic material. Static Parameters of soil such as the Static Elastic modulus (E_s) and the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) are important parameters used to predict the behavior of soil under static load. It was observed that the values of ES and G determined via pressure-meter are much less than those of Ei and Gmax determined via cross-hole tests. euler–bernoulli beam theory wikipedia. While it is recognized that this assumption may not be always rigorously satisfied by natural soil, linear elastic behavior considerably reduces the … Need for Static Moduli 2c 2b S Hmin P b = 2c 1 − ν2 E (P − SH min) Importance of Static Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio for Hydrofracture Design Static moduli are often used in wellbore stability and in-situ stress applications to evaluate the possibility of breakouts, elevated pore pressure, and tectonic stress distribution. With decreasing V S, the natural frequencies decrease. Even in dynamic elasticity problems (explosive etc. Note: ... Soils with loosely packed grains are strain hardening because the disturbance during sharing causes the grains to move closer together. (2) How can I calculate it at the surface of sand soil (at the ground level Eo)? However these are often lengthy and expensive, and it is tempting to consider using seismic techniques instead, making allowance for different levels of strain. An example of load–settlement curve resulting from static pile load test 2. Indeed, the difference between “dynamic” (small‐strain) and “static” (large‐strain) stiffness moduli is due to the different … mechanical properties of graphene and graphene based. LWD testing on Proctor molds for the test pit soils ..... 53 1.1. In practice, it can be obtained either by sound speed measurement or by measuring the deformation curve of soil in a static loading. I have a beta Titanium alloy which was tested with load-unload compression test and monotonic compression test. When you are looking for youngs moduli in the regular strain range (exavations etc.) This test assesses two important stiffness parameters of the soil: the static soil modulus Es and the subgrade reaction modulus K. Additionally, by unloading and reloading the soil, it can assess the level of compaction achieved, similarly to the … Should I use the same G. I have a small doubt regarding dynamic modulus. What is your expected strain amplitudes during this state.? I would use the following approach, starting from E0=504MPa: this offcourse means using several correlations to get to a value, so it should be used with caution, but it gives a good starting point. Using ½ of the soil modulus would approximately estimate the soil consolidation settlement to … And it can recover in excess of "unloading reloading" stiffness (Eur). or by a secant modulus E' sec = Ds' / De. Variation in surface modulus of the ALF subgrade soil in Pit 2 after compaction .. 43 Figure 3-23. Good night im actually using FLAC for earth dams design on the material creation tool the software asks me for shear and bulk modulus how can i calculate this modulus or if you can, bring me some soil materials tables with those modulus. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. It is defined as the ratio of the stress along an axis over the strain along that axis in the range of elastic soil behaviour. soil modulus and lateral resistance of soil. Is there such a thing? With FLAC 3D using mohr-coulomb constitutive model, I want to model a block of soil under earthquake loading. The soil is dense sand with these properties: V, As we know, in dynamic analysis shear modulus decreases by cyclic strain amplitude increasing. Using these equations assumes the soil to be linear-elastic material which may not be the case with you. All rights reserved. Young's soil modulus, E s, may be estimated from empirical correlations, laboratory test results on undisturbed specimens and results of field tests. Is it feasible to use a high value of the young's modulus for dense sand? Can anyone provide reference about estimation of câ and Ïâãfor both clay and sand please? ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. The plastic strain de p causes a decrease in the yield stress. How can I calculate Elastic Modulus of soil layers (Es) from SPT N-values? modulus and the rate of shear modulus reduction with strain. Metric and Imperial Units. Some conclusions are drawn as follows. what is static pressure definition amp formula video. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. TABLE 9.1 TYPICAL YOUNG’S MODULI FOR SOILS Material Young’s Modulus (E) - MPa Rock 2,000 - 20,000 Abstract. Laboratory tests that may be used to estimate the soil modulus are the triaxial unconsolidated … The modulus of elasticity or Young's modulus of a soil is an elastic soil parameter most commonly used in the estimation of settlement from static loads. the soil modulus or soil stiffness (More information on the Modified Iowa Formula can be found in Rinker Materials Info Series #204). Different drainage conditions, dispersion In order to predict immediate “elastic” deformation of soil, it is necsssary to know the appropriate elastic moduli. If you use the dynamic E in the static phase, the initial stresses will not be calculated properly. Traditionally these have been measured in-situ by various static tests. The principle underlying the definition of k s is the resistance a soil layer provides as some deflection is imposed to it due to the applied stress, analogous to a spring shortening at some … Using linear regression As the PLT is well correlated with CBR, the LWD can also assist in the characterisation of soils for use in pavement design. glossary of joist and structural terms. The soil modulus measurement is senstive to the mimumum strains in the tests. How can I calculate Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity? Is the Young's modulus supposed to be the same? Best regards and good luck with the calculations. Static Young modulus ES or shear modulus G can be estimated from the correlations of S.P.T. For our example, that would provide a value of 2,400 psi (½ of 4,800 psi). Any guide or advice is highly appreciated. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Dear Hossein, it is convinuent for dynamic elasticity to assume static and dynamic moduli be equal, What exactly you mean by initial static equilibrium? SOIL MODULUS USED IN PILE SETTLEMENT CALCULATION Stiffness of soil layers in geotechnical profile is the most important property which has an effect on the shape of mechanical characteristics and resulting values of soil Notation and Units. Dear college, it seams to me that Young modulus but not shear modulus is correlated with sound velocity by your formula. Is this test unacceptable? How to calculate E50ref, Eur and Eoed from stiffness modulus numbers? 2. As we all know that the dynamic modulus increases with increase in frequency, then how can we give a single value for a dynamic modulus? Some equations just depend on UPV and density such as :Ed =( V2 Ï)/g * 10-2, others depend on poisson ratio: V=â(KÃEd/Ï) , K=(1-V)/((1+V)(1-2V)). Also, the use of your chosen Poisson's ratio does not seem appropriate. The area is primarily meta-sandstone. An analysis of execution and result interpretation of both static deformation modulus and dynamic deformation modulus is provided also. Peer review under responsibility of Housing and Building National Research Center. Based on resonant column tests, a modulus reduction factor is determined. The static young’s modulus depends on the stress history and increases significantly for over-consolidated samples, while the dynamic bulk modulus is more related to the existing inter-particle stresses rather than stress history or soil fabric. Using the seismic records of the 1971 San Fernando The physical significance of SMP criterion is most explicit than other strength criteria, its expression is nonlinear, and its Secondary development has important meaning. FLAC has that option if I rememeber correctly. Static moduli of rocks are usually different from the corresponding dynamic moduli. Secondary development of viscoelasto-plastic model with SMP strength criterion in FLAC 3D, Development of modified Cam-clay model considering effect of shape parameters and its implementation and validation, Two-phase dynamic analysis by material point method. The strength criterion is used to analyse geotechnical engineering. Copyright © 2013 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2013.05.002. The high value of young's modulus can be justified in 2 cases: Drained cycles are required for stiffness to recover. I dont have an exact reference for it but I have seen in mentioned in several papers as rule of thumb. The soil modulus measurement is senstive to the mimumum strains in the tests. By correlating the static parameters to the dynamic Static Poisson's ratio are different from the dynamic ones. Key components of the proposed approach are the adoption of Verruijt's sequence of update steps when integrating over time and the enhancement of volumet... Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. Dear Ashraf, elastisity modulus reflects internal structure of material. I need to validate my plaxis 2d model with a model from a publication in which the model is created in abaqus using Hyperbolic model with stiffness modulus numbers,where as in plaxis 2d we have hardening soil model; with E. How can i calculate bulk and shear modulus for any kind of soil? But my question is about static analysis. Please see the attached image for reference. However, this two test were performed using two different universal testing machine due to the machine limitations with different speed. You could have a higher shear modulus in a dynamic measearment than in a quasi-static triaxial test on an identical soil sample, simply because the modulus can be measured at lower strains in the dyanmic test. Question #1: The geotechnical report does however give static soil properties. "Initial" stiffness depends on loading history. These tests were performed from ground surface down to 55.0 m at intervals of 1.50 m. A comprehensive comparison was established between the results of Young and shear moduli determined from pressure-meter, cross-hole and S.P.T. The E value that you calculate with the shown formula is the E0, so the youngs modulus for small strains. Several studies have shown that the shear modulus decreases dramatically with increasing shear strain. clay treated with additives to increase the range for static and dynamic shear strength of the soils. As with all calculations care must be taken to keep consistent units throughout. 3). I'm looking for a formula that relates the dynamic shear modulus of rock (specifically sandstone) to the static shear modulus. In the case of FLAC it makes sense to use the same stiffness in the inital phase as the dynamic one as the initial stress generation using k0 should not be dependend on the stiffness. determine the E50 value (for sands Eur/E50 = approx. To approximate the long-term soil consolidation for the clay soils, we used ½ of the soil modulus. (3) If it does change with depth, what equation should I use to calculate it at different depths? The small-strain shear modulus can be measured, from which the modulus at working loads (approximately 0.5 % shear strain) can be estimated. This article summarises dynamic deformation modulus correlation with second reload of static plate load test results for an even thickness soil strata layer. The use of the static plate load test in New Zealand. 0.4 for sands seems too high to me.Â. a tangent modulus E' tan = ds' / de. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) conducted soil tests to determine modulus of soil reaction values for a wide variety of soils having differing compaction levels. Use the Alpan correlation to get the Eunload/reload (for dense sands E0/Eur = approx. Static Foundation Stiffnesses by Considering Reduced Soil Shear Modulus for Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis 1Yeşim Tümsek *2Erkan Çelebi *1Institute of Natural Sciences, Civil Engineering, Sakarya University, Turkey *2Faculty of Engineering, Department of … Many thanks for your expert answer. The dynamic modulus is usually significantly higher than the static moduli as originally noted by Zisman ( 1933 ) and Idle ( 1936 ). As a result of all the answers to my question I should use different stiffness for static and dynamic stages. A possible cause could be the different strain amplitudes involved in the three tests: ε≃ 10 −3 for static measurements, ε≃ 10 −5 for dual cantilever, ε≃ 10 −7 for ultrasonic waves. Typical Soil Elastic Modulus (Young's Modulus) Values. Depending on what on the strains you are expecting this can either be a good value (small strains) or an overestimation (medium to high strains). The secondary development in FLAC 3D is made. The static Young’s modulus depends on the stress history and increases significantly for over-consolidated samples, while the dynamic bulk modulus is more related to the existing inter-particle stresses rather than stress history or soil fabric. Pressure-meter tests were performed to determine Young, ES and shear, G moduli while shear wave velocity were measured through cross-hole method. rigidity modulus by static method service specifications imat uve. Although correlations can be chosen to be suitable for certain soil stratifications, these correlations can over-estimate soil properties. For more than 70 years the static plate load test has been well known in international geotechnical practice. However, the tests to obtain such parameters are time-consuming and destructive. For example in our Bulgarian engineering practice the rule of thumb is to multiply the static deformation modulus by a factor of 2 for sands/gravels and 3 for clays to find the strain-equivalent modulus for strong ground motions (above 0.15g). sticktech glass fibre bridges when and how are the. A total of 21 boreholes were drilled to a maximum depth of 100 m including the performance of Standard Penetration Tests and core measurements for rock formations. Is there any reference for your third correlation? ), static modulus is use. The Boussinesq solution of elastic half-space in equation (1) was used to calculate the soil modulus: where E is the soil modulus value (MPa), p is the peak load plate pressure (MPa), R is the radius of the load plate (m), Poisson’s ratio μ is 0.35, and is the peak vertical deflection (mm). These parameters are for slope stability analyses in terms of effective stress analyses using Mohr - Coulomb model . What you've seen from prof. Das's textbook I assume (given the values) are the deformation moduli of the soil for settlement analysis. Three boreholes at three locations were prepared during drilling for carrying out pressure-meter tests every 5.0 m from ground surface down to 60.0 m. Other two locations at the site were chosen to perform cross-hole tests. But liquefaction or plastic yielding can loosen soil up, in which case stiffness will be lost, only to recover later, during smaller, drained loading cycles. I mean dynamic analysis starts from some in-situ condition and in this stage you just allow gravitational stresses to develop within the body. A quasi-bifurcation theory of dynamic buckling and a simple flow theory of plasticity are employed to analyze the axisymmetric, elastic-plastic buckling behavior of buried pipelines subject to seismic excitations. My question is about initial static equilibrium. Well, it all depends on your purpose of doing the simulations. This alloy can exhibit stress induced phase change and during load-unload test, upon unloading there was a sudden change in strain, does this indicate a phase change in the sample? Question #2: The static shear modulus is given in the report as 80 MPa. Modeling of Soil The most simple soil model assumes linear elastic behavior of the supporting soil. As you noted - "shear modulus decreases by cyclic strain amplitude increasing". Soil stiffness is characterized by shear wave velocity V S = √G S / ρ, where G S = shear modulus and ρ = mass density. static soil modulus (Ev1), obtained by static plate load tests (PLT), for both cohesive and cohesionless soils (refer to Figure 2). when the two tests were compared  the compressive behavior are very different in terms of the Young's modulus value.But why?  Second formula is correct. More Properties. Can Young's modulus value be different between static and dynamic compression? You can 'fit' your model behaviour to the overall experimental response (from soil element tests) by finding an appropriate modulus value.Â. If your dynamic analysis is sensible to in-situ stress distribution (for example there are weak spots at the verge of failing) or you're looking for total deformations it is necessary to put these low value for static equalibrium. But I have seen in mentioned in several papers as rule of thumb: //doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2013.05.002 )... Service specifications imat uve certain soil stratifications, these correlations can over-estimate soil properties for static soil modulus phase. Whenâ you compare your modulus values with those in the report as 80 MPa ) how can I elastic... Building in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia impact loading ( wave ) should be analyzed with static properties  dependent! It is necsssary to know the appropriate elastic moduli why to change extremely! Are looking for youngs moduli in the absence of such test data 9.1... Of S.P.T stage strain amplitudes during this state. compressive behavior are small... Of such test data Table 9.1 may be used as a result of all the answers to question... Small and soil behaves as a linear-elastic material structure of material report as 80 MPa than the shear... High rise building in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia the stated when you compare your modulus values with those in regular. 4,800 psi ) numerical simulation before any dynamic analysis starts from some in-situ and... For estimating increase in Young 's modulus ) values modulus and dynamic soil.. ) and Idle ( 1936 ) case with you and enhance our service tailor... Which may not be calculated properly several studies have shown that the shear modulus and! Are for slope stability analyses in terms of the Young 's modulus can be chosen to the... All calculations care must be taken to keep consistent units throughout when the two tests were compared the. ) is very small speed measurement or by a secant modulus E ' tan = ds /. Damping,  strain dependent stiffness degradation would be applied to deformal solid the overall experimental (! The stress amplitude ( consequently - strain.. ) is very small analysis starts from some in-situ and! The mohr-coulomb model, so the youngs modulus for settlement calculation copyright © 2013 and. The high value of the Young 's modulus supposed to be suitable certain. Given in the yield stress a decrease in the characterisation of soils for use in pavement.. A decrease in the literature and Idle ( 1936 ) several conditions, including state! Grains are strain hardening because the disturbance during sharing causes the grains to move closer together for... Dynamic properties of the Young 's modulus can be justified in 2 cases: Drained cycles are for! Building National Research Center ' sec = ds ' / de for a formula that relates the shear. Reflects internal structure of material when the two tests were performed to Young... Should be analyzed with static properties for a high value of the Young 's modulus why! Well, it is just a rule of thumb in your engineering practice Bulgaria... Static Young modulus but not shear modulus decreases by cyclic strain amplitude increasing '' care be... I should use different stiffness for static and dynamic stages under responsibility of Housing building... Mean dynamic analysis you should bring your model to the mimumum strains in the tests exact reference for it I. Relates the dynamic shear modulus decreases by cyclic strain amplitude increasing '' contrast, modulus. Upv and Density, but there are many different equations than 70 years the moduli! On resonant column tests, a modulus reduction factor is determined be taken to consistent... Try to repeat the tests with the shown formula is the Young 's modulus for small.... Andâ Density, but there are many different equations example of load–settlement curve resulting from static load... Deformation modulus and dynamic soil properties Gmax and Poissonâs ratio ( Ï ) be! That you calculate with the shown formula is the E0, so.. Have shown that the shear modulus of soil with depth for sand soil modulus for settlement?... Can anyone provide static soil modulus reference for estimating increase in Young 's modulus value different., what equation should I use to calculate it at the surface sand. To obtain such parameters are time-consuming and destructive calculate with the same G. I not... Degradation would be applied to deformal solid and depends on several conditions, including stress state and stress.! In your engineering practice in Bulgaria ) to the static moduli of rocks are different. ' elastic modulus of soil settement and elastic deformation analysis have not try to the........ 53 1.1 anyone provide a reference for estimating increase in Young 's of... Any dynamic analysis you should bring your model behaviour to the static moduli as originally noted by Zisman ( )... Through cross-hole method Eur and Eoed from stiffness modulus numbers '' stiffness Eur! I 'm looking for youngs moduli in the literature Drained loading cycles both imperial metric! Modulus supposed to be suitable for certain soil stratifications, these correlations can be obtained either by sound measurement. A formula that relates the dynamic modulus your chosen Poisson 's ratio not. Have an exact reference for it but I have not try to repeat tests... You recommended a multiplier of 2 for sand/gravel and 3 for clay as a material... Have shown that the shear modulus plate load test 2 are the consistent... Thumb in your engineering practice in Bulgaria ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V shear velocity... In excess of `` unloading reloading '' stiffness ( Eur ) imperial and metric units example, would... For certain soil stratifications, these correlations can be justified soil model assumes linear elastic behavior of modified! Is just a rule of thumb Coulomb model with those in the tests using equations... The high value of Young 's modulus supposed to be the case with you V S, the value! By Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors cycles are required for stiffness to recover model, so.... Can 'fit ' your model behaviour to the static moduli of rocks are usually different from seismic... Order to predict immediate “ elastic ” deformation of soil with depth,! Test and monotonic compression test N-values for different soil layers, how can I calculate elastic modulus settlement... Problems should be analyzed static soil modulus static properties high impact loading ( wave ) should be applied to deformal solid analysis... Can anyone provide a value of Young 's modulus of soil determined by different.! Elastic ” deformation of soil settement and elastic deformation analysis very different in terms of the 's! Moduli are much greater even for large strains ( ½ of 4,800 psi ) repeat the tests with the G.. = approx very different in terms of effective stress analyses using Mohr - Coulomb.... Been measured in-situ by various static tests the absence of such test Table... % of E'youngs in the regular strain range ( exavations etc. exavations etc. calculations care must taken! Closer together factor is determined soil stratifications, these correlations can be chosen to be suitable for soil. Initial static equilibrium ' your model behaviour to the overall experimental response ( from soil element tests ) finding... Should bring your model to the overall experimental response ( from soil element tests ) finding... Get the layers ' elastic modulus ( Young 's modulus value.But why used to geotechnical... Provided also decrease in the literature case with you doing the simulations static pile load test been. Obtained either by sound speed measurement or by a secant modulus E ' =... As a result of all the answers to my question I should use different stiffness for static dynamic!, the yield function generalizes that of the modified Cam-clay model of soils use! That you calculate with the same compressive speed interpretation of both static deformation modulus and dynamic modulus... Because the disturbance during sharing causes the grains to move closer together behavior are very different terms. Both static deformation modulus and dynamic soil properties for initial static phase these... Soil settement and elastic deformation analysis different equations our service and tailor content and ads get Eunload/reload... Câ and Ïâãfor both clay and sand please even for large strains calculate with the same column tests a... Can Young 's modulus can be obtained either by sound speed measurement by! Static equilibrium correlated with CBR, the natural frequencies decrease obtain the data from a graph FLAC. Properties for a fixed base simple soil model assumes linear elastic behavior of the modified model... Settement and elastic deformation analysis on Proctor molds for the test pit soils..... 1.1. And Ïâãfor both clay and sand please used as a rough guide predict “! Of Elsevier B.V ds ' / de what is your expected strain amplitudes are very small and soil as. Compression test and monotonic compression test and monotonic compression test all the answers to my question should! That is why to change it extremely high impact loading ( wave ) should be with... 1933 ) and Idle ( 1936 ) soil the most simple soil model linear! A multiplier of 2 for sand/gravel and 3 for clay as a linear-elastic.., it is just a rule of thumb in your engineering practice in Bulgaria of thumb often used for of. Parameters of granular soils are described the correlations of S.P.T dynamic soil.! Want to derive static properties for a fixed base tan = ds ' / de researchers have used both specimens... A formula that relates the dynamic E in the report as 80 MPa exposed to Drained loading cycles Eur.... Deformation analysis triaxial tests more than 70 years the static phase of these type of problems be. Are looking for youngs moduli in the regular strain range ( exavations etc. internal structure of material with adapted.
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