Identify the longest continuous carbon chain in the molecule and name it (stem of the name). Start studying 10 alkanes. And then, because it's an alkane, it gets the -ane from alkane. They comprise only hydrogen and carbon. Defines hydrocarbon and alkane and gives structures for the first ten alkanes in the series. Alkanes are chemical compounds that consist only of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) in proportions according to the general formula: C n H (2n+2) where the letter n represents the number of carbon atoms in each molecule. It is important that you commit to memory the names of the first 10 straight-chain alkanes (i.e., from CH 4 to C 10 H 22).You will use these names … For a branched hydrocarbon, the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms gives the root name for the hydrocarbon 2. They can be categorized into three groups which are: chain alkanes, cycloalkanes, and branched alkanes. Selected Properties of the First 10 Normal Alkanes: Name: Formula: Molar Masses: Melting Point (°C) Boiling Point (°C) Number of Structural Isomers 10 Butane C 4H 10 2-methylpropane C. Rules for Naming Alkanes (Nomenclature) 1. In branched alkanes, the carbon backbone splits off in one or more directions. When the alkane is substituted (and may not be an alkane anymore), the following rules must be followed: 1. The most basic family of compounds has been called alkanes. General configuration of alkane is \(C_nH_{2n+2}\).They exhibit tetrahedral geometry with a bond angle of 109.47° … So in this situation, you take hex- for six, so this is hex-. How simple alkanes are named was previously demonstrated (see Subsection 3.3.2). When alkane groups appear as substituents, they are named by dropping the -ane and adding -yl. Decane (C 10 H 22) Physical Properties of Alkanes. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The formula for alkanes is C n H 2n+2. The simplest alkane is the gas methane , whose molecular formula is CH 4 . Saturated oils and waxes are examples of larger alkanes where the number of carbons in the carbon backbone is greater than ten. Boiling Points of Alkanes Reminder about Alkanes: . The simplest possible alkane is methane (CH 4). All the carbon atoms present in an alkane are \(sp^3\) hybridized that is, every carbon atom forms four sigma bonds with carbon or hydrogen atoms. In linear alkanes, the carbon atoms are joined in a snake-like structure. This is called an alkane, which is a general term for all of the chains of carbons that have no double bonds on them, or no triple bonds, all single bonds. A series of compounds in which successive members differ from one another by a CH 2 unit is called a homologous series. Alkanes are organic compounds composed of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms. Let's do another one. The alkanes and cycloalkanes are also members of a larger class of compounds referred to as aliphatic. Thus, the series CH 4, C 2 H 6, C 3 H 8. . Some salient physical and chemical properties of alkanes are: Physical Properties of Alkanes 1. The atoms that form alkanes are linked exclusively by single bonds, hence alkanes … Simply put, aliphatic compounds are compounds that do not incorporate any aromatic rings in their molecular structure. .C n H 2n+2, is an example of a homologous series.. Alkanes generally have relatively lower boiling points and melting points. The first four alkanes are methane (CH 4), ethane (C 2 H 6), propane (C 3 H 8) and butane (C 4 H 10). The following table lists the IUPAC names assigned to simple continuous-chain alkanes from C-1 to C-10. Methane exists as a tetrahedral shape, but it is often represented by a flattened structure as are most organic compounds. Study Notes. 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