The Sikhs of the Punjab. He was cremated at the present site of this Gurdwara, Bala Sahib Gurdwara. Shortly before his death, the Guru named his five-year-old son, Hari Krishen, as his successor instead of Ram Rai. He guided the Sikhs for about seventeen years, till his death at age 31. Aurangzeb kept Ram Rai as hostage, questioned Ram Rai about a verse in the Adi Granth – the holy text of Sikhs at that time. Within one year of him assuming the Guruship, Guru Har Rai was compelled by the Mughal forces to leave Kiratpur and retire further into the mountains – somewhere near present day Kasauli, east of Chandigarh. The Guru would also eat simple food which was earned by the labour of his own hands. Guru Har Rai passed away on October 6, 1661. Guru Gobind Singh, 1666-1708. Guru Har Rai had brothers. [2] He became the Sikh leader at age 14, on 3 March 1644, after the death of his grandfather and the sixth Sikh leader Guru Hargobind. Dhir Mal tried to form another party in opposition to the Sikh tradition, but Guru Hargobind (Har Rai’s grandfather), put a swift stop to the opposition and cut Dhir Mal out of t… Hargobind, (born 1595, Wadali, India—died 1644, Kiratpur, near the Himalayas), sixth Sikh Guru, who developed a strong Sikh army and gave the Sikh religion its military character, in accord with the instructions of his father, Guru Arjan (1563–1606), the first Sikh martyr, who had been executed on the order of the Mughal emperor Jahāngīr. However, he traveled extensively in the Punjab. Guru Har Raihad an older brother; Dhir Mal. Followers from far would come to Kiratpur to seek the blessings of Guru Har Rai. All should sing God’s praises and not weep or lament. He too did not live long. He became ill with smallpox during an epidemic and died at the age of eight in 1664. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Har-Rai, Sikhs.org - The Seventh Master Guru Har Rai. [3][4], Guru Har Rai is notable for maintaining the large army of Sikh soldiers that the sixth Sikh Guru had amassed, yet avoiding military conflict. Guru Har Rai revered as the seventh Nanak, was the seventh of ten Gurus of the Sikh religion. Guru Har Rai Sahib’s life as Guru of the Sikhs seems quiet and uneventful. Dhir Mal attempted to form a parallel Sikh tradition and criticized his grand father and sixth Guru Hargobind. However, he traveled extensively in the Punjab. [6], The third Sikh leader Guru Amar Das had started the tradition of appointing manji (zones of religious administration with an appointed chief called sangatias),[11][12] introduced the dasvandh ("the tenth" of income) system of revenue collection in the name of Guru and as pooled community religious resource,[13] and the famed langar tradition of Sikhism where anyone, without discrimination of any kind, could get a free meal in a communal seating. He became an expert in holistic medicine and treated the sick with effective herbal remedies. Consecutive and co-wives of Tenth Guru Gobind Singh Jito ji (Ajit Kaur). Guru Har Rai would spend the mornings and evenings listening to devotional music and giving lectures on the writings of the Gurus. HAR RAI, GURU (1630-1661), the seventh Guru of the Sikh faith, was the son of Baba Gurditta and grandson of Guru Hargobind, Nanak VI. [6], Guru Har Rai was born to Nihal Kaur and Baba Gurditta into a Sodhi household. Guru Har Rai (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਰਾਇ, pronunciation: [gʊɾuː ɦəɾ ɾaːɪ]; 16 January 1630 – 6 October 1661)[1] revered as the seventh Nanak, was the seventh of ten Gurus of the Sikh religion. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In 1660, Aurangzeb summoned Guru Har Rai to appear before him to explain his relationship with Dara Shikoh. Thus a part of the challenge for Guru Har Rai was to keep Sikhs united. His elder brother Dhir Mal had gained encouragement and support from Shah Jahan, with free land grants and Mughal sponsorship. He was born on 16 January 1630 at Kiratpur, in present day Ropar district of the Punjab. Summoned by the new emperor to explain his relationship with Dārā Shikōh, Har Rai sent his son Ram Rai to represent him. He supported the moderate Sufi influenced Dara Shikoh instead of conservative Sunni influenced Aurangzeb as the two brothers entered into a war of succession to the Mughal Empire throne. Authentic literature about Guru Har Rai life and times are scarce, he left no texts of his own and some Sikh texts composed later spell his name as "Hari Rai". He became the Sikh leader at age 14, on 3 March 1644, after the death of his grandfather and the sixth Sikh leader Guru Hargobind. [5] Har Krishan became the eighth Guru at age 5 after Guru Har Rai's death in 1661. [14][15], He appointed new masands such as Bhai Jodh, Bhai Gonda, Bhai Nattha, Bhagat Bhagwan (for eastern India), Bhai Pheru (for Rajathan), Bhai Bhagat (also known as Bairagi), as the heads of Manji's. As days went by, the disciples began pouring in from far and near. When it was time for Guru Har Gobind Sahib to pass on the Guruship, He did not choose His son, Sri Tegh Bahadur Ji (Tyag Mal Ji at birth), He rather chose His grandson, Sri Har Rai Ji who was much younger than his uncle Tegh Bahadur Ji. Aurangzeb claimed that it disparaged the Muslims. He appointed his 5-year-old youngest son Har Krishan as the eighth Guru of the Sikhs before his death. He was merely eleven years old when Guru Arjan Sahib Ji was martyred after being jailed, fined and tortured while under arrest by Jahangir's orders. He started several public singing and scripture recital traditions in Sikhism. Childhood & Early Life Har Krishan was born on July 23, 1656, in Kiratpur Sahib, Rupnagar, Punjab, India, to Guru Har Rai and Kishan dei (Mata Sulakhni). At age 10, in 1640, Guru Har Rai was married to Mata Kishan Kaur (sometimes also referred to as Sulakhni) the daughter of Daya Ram.They had two children, Ram Rai and Har Krishan, the latter of whom became the eighth Guru..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}J. S. Grewal (1998). No one wants to live here now after the Kabul gurdwara attack.” On July 1, 2018, a suicide bomb attack in Jalalabad killed at least 19 Sikhs and Hindus. Guru ji,s father was Shri Guru Har Rai Sahib ji, the 7 th Guru of Sikhs and Guru ji’s mother was Mata Kishan Kaur( Mata Sulakhni ji). Healing the Enemy – a Story about Guru Har Rai Dara Shikoh, the eldest son and heir apparent of Shah Jahan* became seriously ill, poisoned by his brother Aurangzeb, who aspired to the throne. Guru Har Rai closed his eyes and went to his heavenly abode on October 6, 1661. pp. Guru Har Rai closed his eyes and went to his heavenly abode on October 6, 1661. He was trained in martial arts of archery, swordsmanship, and horsemanship. He was born in Punjab, Mughal Empire (now India). Guru Har Rai Ji (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਰਾਇ) (31 January 1630 - 20 October 1661) was the seventh of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism and became Guru on Tuesday, 19 March, 1644 following the footsteps of his grandfather, Guru Har Gobind Ji. Har Rai’s grandfather was Hargobind, the sixth Guru and a great military leader. [1], Guru Har Rai, the Seventh Guru (Early-18th-century Pahari painting), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guru_Har_Rai&oldid=1002851891, Birth-date transclusions with invalid parameters, Death-date and age transclusions with invalid parameters, Articles having same image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 26 January 2021, at 09:32. He was long remembered by the Muslims as "Bala Pir" and by the Hindus as "Balmukand". He had one elder brother Ram Rai. Guru Hargobind was born in 1595 in Wadali Guru, a village 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) west of Amritsar, the only son of Guru Arjun Dev, the fifth Sikh Guru. Corrections? Updates? The grandson of Guru Har Gobind, Guru Har Rai was a peaceful, contemplative leader. Guru Har Rai Sahib Ji (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਰਾਇ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਜੀ) was the seventh of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism and became Guru on Tuesday, 19th March 1644 following in the footsteps of his grandfather, Guru Hargobind Ji. 62–63, 67–69. Har Rai had one elder brother Dhir Mal. The best physicians said his only hope for recovery was if he could be given certain medicines they did not have at hand. The period of Guru Har Rai (1630–61) was a relatively peaceful one. Guru Gobind Singh was the last of the ten Gurus, the one who transformed the Sikh faith. After Aurangzeb questioned him about a line of text in the Adi Granth (the Sikh scripture) that he had found disparaging to Muslims, Ram Rai attempted to appease the emperor by suggesting that the line had been improperly transcribed. He was brought up alongside five siblings. His mother Nilhal Kaur, was the wife of Gur Ditta, the eldest son of Damodari and Guru Har Govind. The whole assembly then rose and did obeisance to the young Guru. Har Rai was the favorite grandson of Guru Hargobind; in fact it was his grandfather who named him. He asked them not to give way to despair but abide by the will of the Almighty. Har Rai traveled in the Malwa area, where he converted the local Brar tribes to Sikhism. But by demonstrating the deep compassion of a warrior, he has inspired generations of Sikh activists. Healing the Enemy – a Story about Guru Har Rai Dara Shikoh, the eldest son and heir apparent of Shah Jahan* became seriously ill, poisoned by his brother Aurangzeb, who aspired to the throne. Guru Har Rai Baba Gurditta was the eldest son of Guru Har Gobind. In their Invocation prayer (ardas) written by Guru Gobind Singh, the Sikhs repeat everyday these words,"Contemplat… … Ultimately, Aurangzeb won, arrested Dara Shikoh and executed him on charges of apostasy from Islam. [12], The organizational structure that had helped Sikhs to grow and resist the Mughal persecution had created new problems for Guru Har Rai. Har Rai, (born 1630, Punjab, India—died 1661, Punjab), seventh Sikh Guru. He spent much of his time in reflective meditation, avoiding conflict and channeling his energy toward serving others. [2][4] Ram Rai changed the verse to appease Aurangzeb instead of standing by the Sikh scripture, an act for which Guru Har Rai is remembered for excommunicating his elder son, and nominating his younger son Har Krishan to succeed him. Guru Har Rai passes away appointing Guru Harkrishan as successor When (Guru) Tegh Bahadur was touring the area of eastern lands, during 1656-1664, Guru Har Rai passed away on the 6th of October 1661 after appointing Harkrishan as Guru. Har Rai was very fond of flowers. Birth and Family: The infant Har Rai was born in Kirat Pur and received his name from his grandfather, Guru Har Govind (Gobind) Sodhi. Guru Har Rai. He withdrew from Kiratpur and moved farther back into... Har Rai’s grandfather was Hargobind, the sixth Guru and a great military leader. Omissions? Ram Rai was Guru … Neither of his two sons, Surajmal and Tegh Bahadur, was willing to take up the responsibility of leading and guiding the community of Sikhs. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Guru Tegh Bahadur was born on April 1, 1621, as Tyag Mal in India. Guru Har Krishan physical body passed away from this planet on Saturday, 16 April 1664. Guru ji were the 8 th Guru of Sikhs. Ropar in Punjab. He suffered from smallpox as a child. The sixth Guru disagreed with Dhir Mal, and designated the younger Har Rai as the successor. [2][3] According to Mughal records, Guru Har Rai provided other forms of support to Dara Shikoh as he and his brother Aurangzeb battled for rights to succession. Within one year of him assuming the Guruship, Guru HarRai was compelled by the Mughal forces to leave Kiratpur and retire further into the mountains – somewhere near present day Kasauli, east of Chandigarh. Just before his death, he passed the Guru Gaddi to his younger son, the five year old Guru Har Krishan. Har Rai was eight years old when his father passed away. He was courageous when he fought in the battles against the Mughals. [3], After Aurangzeb won the succession war in 1658, he summoned Guru Har Rai in 1660 to explain his support for the executed Dara Shikoh. He was born to the sixth Sikh Guru, Guru Hargobind, and Mata Nanaki. Co-wives of Seventh Guru Har Rai Sulakhni ji, (Kishan/Krishan Kaur) Kot Kalyani (Sunita) 7 daughters of Daya Ram, Toki, Anokhi, Ladiki, Chand Kaur, Prem Kar, Ram Kaur, and Punjab Kaur. His father died while he was 8 years old. 40 DAYS SIMRAN JAAP 2021 In the loving memory of the 40 Mukhte & Mai Bhago Daily 7pm to 8pm Facebook live & 9.30pm to 10.30pm Sangat Television (Official) Starting from 25th Jan 2021 The young child Har Krishan became the guru in 1661. Guru Har Rai enjoined all his Sikhs to consider Har Kishen as his image, to put faith in him, and they would obtain salvation. [7][8] Some of the biographies of Guru Har Rai written in the 18th century such as by Kesar Singh Chhibber, and the 19th-century Sikh literature are highly inconsistent. [9], Guru Har Rai provided medical care to Dara Shikoh, possibly when he had been poisoned by Mughal operatives. Peace was threatened when the Mughal prince Dārā Shikōh, who was favourably disposed toward non-Muslims and had apparently once been assisted in some capacity (possibly cured from poisoning) by Har Rai, lost the struggle for the throne to his brother, Aurangzeb. Baba Gurdita was son of the sixth Guru Hargobind. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Guru Har Rai was born 16th January 1630,to Baba Gurditta, and Mata Nihal Kaur. [2] Some Sikh literature spell his name as Hari Rai. Har Rai excommunicated Ram Rai for this action. In 1640, he was married to Sulakkhani, daughter of Daya Ram of Anupshahr, in Bulandshahr district ofUttar Pradesh. Just after his death, a son was born to him, and was named Har Rai. Guru Har Rai is believed to have replied that if a man plucks flowers with one hand and gives it away using his other hand, both hands get the same fragrance.[10]. Budha Ji told her that sh… (Guru) Tegh Bahadur got this news much later in May 1662, and he started preparations for return journey. For the next 13 years, Guru HarRai lived in relative seclusion in a small village. He died long before the Guru himself. [3], In the Sikh tradition, Guru Har Rai was asked why he was helping the Mughal prince Dara Shikoh whose forefathers had persecuted Sikhs and Sikh Gurus. The katha or discourse style recitals were added by Guru Har Rai, to the sabad kirtan singing tradition of Sikhs. But the tipping point was the attack at Gurdwara Guru Har Rai Sahib on March 25 this year when an IS gunman killed at least 25 persons. Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib was the youngest child of Guru Har Gobind Sahib. Guru Har Rai, however, lived a very short life and died at the age of 31. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Shri har Krishan Sahib ji was born on 7 th July 1656 at Kiratpur, Dist. Guru Hargobind’s fourteen year old grandson Har Rai, born on 30th January, 1630 A.D. at Kiratpur, succeeded his grandfather Guru Hargobind to the Gurugaddi after he passed away in 1644. They were delighted to have a sight of the Guru. According to the chronicles, Guru Arjan Sahib Ji and and Mata Ganga Ji did not have a child for a long time, until Mata Ganga Ji sought the blessings of Baba Budha Ji for an offspring. Childhood & Early Life Guru Har Rai was born on January 16, 1630, in Kiratpur Sahib, Rupnagar, Punjab, India, as the son of Baba Gurdita and Mata Nihal Kaur (also known as Mata Ananti). His father was the seventh guru of Sikhism and well-known for being a … For the next 13 years, Guru Har Rai lived in relative seclusion in a small village. This was the place where he had camped to look after the sick and suffering poverty stricken people of Delhi. He maintained the sizable order of standing troops that his grandfather had amassed but consistently sought peaceful relations with the reigning Muslim Mughal dynasty. Guru Har Krishan consoled the disciples. He received religious training from Bhai Gurdas and Baba Buddha. The whole assembly then rose and did obeisance to the young Guru. [3] He guided the Sikhs for about seventeen years, till his death at age 31. Guru Har Rai sent his elder son Ram Rai to represent him. The best physicians said his only hope for recovery was if he could be given certain medicines they did not have at hand. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Guru Har Rai enjoined all his Sikhs to consider Har Kishen as his image, to put faith in him, and they would obtain salvation. Har Rai was brought up in the natural and beautiful surroundings of Kiratpur, a small town built by Guru Har Gobind in the Hills of the Punjab. where did guru har rai live Home; About; Schedules; News & Events; Contact Us Cambridge University Press. Guru Ji was born on 5th July 1595 to Mata Ganga Ji and Sri Guru Arjan Sahib Ji in village Wadali of district Amritsar. Har Rai traveled in the Malwa area, where he converted the local Brar tribes to Sikhism. 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